Harvesting vegetables at the right stage of maturity ensures the best taste and quality. Many vegetables should be picked throughout the summer to maintain plant productivity. The time, frequency, and method of harvesting vary depending on the species.
Vegetables, such as standard sweet corn, have a very small harvest period. Others, such as many of the root crops, can remain in the garden for several weeks with little effect on their taste. Some vegetables, like summer squash, have to be harvested almost daily. Other plants, such as tomatoes, can be harvested on a weekly basis.
Use the table below to determine the optimal time to pick and enjoy your favorite vegetables.
Vegetable Harvest Guide
Vegetable | Days to Maturity | Size | Color | Comment |
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Beet | 50-70 | 2-3 in diameter | red, varies with cultivar | Up to 1/3 of the beet foliage can be harvested for greens without harming the root. |
Broccoli | 50-65* | 6 to 7 across | blue-green | Harvest before yellow flower buds start to open, side shoots can be harvested after main head is removed. |
Cabbage | 60-90* | varies with cultivar | green, red | Harvest when heads are large and solid. |
Carrot | 60-80 | 3/4 in diameter | orange | Harvest when orange shoulder pushes through the soil. |
Cauliflower | 55-80* | 6 to 8 across | creamy white | Blanch heads when 2-3 across by carefully tying leaves over heads. |
Cucumber,Pickling | 55-65 | 2-4 long | dark green | Harvest plants every 2 to 3 days, leave small piece of stem attached to fruit. |
Cucumber,Slicing | 55-65 | 6-8 long | dark green | 1 to 2 diameter, harvest plants every 2 to 3 days. |
Eggplant | 75-90* | varies with cultivar | purple, white, green | Fruit should have shiny finish. |
Garlic | 90** | 2-3 | white, reddish purple | Harvest when foliage topples over and dries or just before first frost. |
Green Bean, Snap Bean, Wax Bean | 50-70 | 4 to 6 long | green, yellow, purple | Harvest when pods are pencil size in thickness. |
Kohlrabi | 55-70 | 2-3 diameter | green | Store with leaves and roots removed. |
Leeks | 120-150; 90-100** | 3 ft tall; 2 in diameter | green and white | Harvest when stem width is larger than one inch before the plant begins to form a bulb |
Lettuce (leaf) | 45-60 | 4-6 long | green | Harvest outer leaves, hot weather causes bitterness. |
Melon,Honeydew | 65-100 | 6-9 in diameter | pale green | Harvest when blossom end of the fruit is slightly soft. Unlike cantaloupe,honeydews do not slip off the vine when mature. |
Muskmelon & Cantaloupe | 75-100 | 5-10 in diameter | yellow-tan between netting | When mature, stem separates easily from melon. |
Okra | 50-65 | 3 long | bright green | Harvest frequently to maintain productivity. |
Onion,Dry | 100-120; 90-100** | varies with cultivar | white, yellow, red | Harvest when tops fall over and begin to dry. |
Onion, Green | 30-50 | 1/4-3/4 | green & white | Harvest when tops are about 6 inches tall. |
Parsnip | 110-130 | 8-18" long | white or cream | Can be overwintered in the ground, mulch and dig before new growth starts in spring. |
Peas,Snow (Sugar) | 55-85 | 3 long pods | bright green | Harvest when pods are long and thin, just as the seeds begin to develop. |
Peas,Snap | 55-85 | 3 long pods | bright green | Pick when seeds are nearly full size. |
Peas,Garden (Shell) | 55-85 | 3 long pods | bright green | Harvest when peas are full size. |
Peppers,Hot | 60-90* | 1 to 3 long | red, purple, yellow, green | Use gloves when harvesting. |
Peppers,Sweet | 70-90* | 2 to 4 in diameter | green, red, yellow, purple, orange | Usually harvested when green, but can be left on plant until red, orange, yellow or purple. |
Potato | 90-120 | varies with cultivar | varies with cultivar | Dig when tops turn brown and die. |
Pumpkin | 85-120 | varies with cultivar | orange | Harvest when uniformly orange, leave 3-4 of stem. |
Radish,Spring | 25-40 | 1/2 to 2 in diameter | red, white, varies | Radishes larger than 2 in diameter are often pithy and unusable. |
Radish,Winter | 45-70 | 6-12 long | white, varies | Can be left in the ground until frost. |
Shallots | 90-120 | 1 to 1.5 in | red, white, varies | Harvest when tops fall over and begin to dry. |
Spinach | 45-60 | 6-8 tall | green | Harvest the entire crop when plants begin to show signs of bolting. |
Summer Squash,Scallop | 50-60 | 3 to 5 in diameter | yellow, green | Harvest when skin is soft. |
Summer Squash,Zucchini | 50-60 | 6 to 12 long | green, yellow | Harvest every 2 to 3 days when fruit are 2 in diameter. |
Sweet Corn | 70-105 | 5 to 10 , varies with cultivar | yellow, white, bicolor | Mature kernels exude milky sap when punctured. |
Sweet Potato | 100-125 | varies with cultivar | Gold or orange | Harvest just before or after a vine killing frost. |
Tomato | 70-90* | varies with cultivar | red, orange, yellow | Harvest fully ripe for best flavor. |
Tomatillos | 75-100 | varies with cultivar, often 1=2 in diameter | fruit is green, husk is tan | Fully ripe fruit turn yellow or purple and lose their tangy flavor |
Turnip | 45-70 | 2-3 in diameter | white, reddish purple | Foliage can be harvested for greens. |
Watermelon | 80-100 | varies with cultivar | light to dark green, striped | Harvest when 'belly' turns from white to creamy yellow. |
Winter Squash | 85-120 | varies with cultivar | varies with cultivar | Rind should be hard and difficult to puncture with fingernail. |
* from transplants
** from sets (bulbs)
More Information
FAQs
Vegetable Harvest Guide
Vegetable | Days to Maturity | Size |
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VegetablePeas, Garden (Shell) | Days to Maturity55-85 | Size3 long pods |
VegetablePeppers, Hot | Days to Maturity60-90* | Size1 to 3 long |
VegetablePeppers, Sweet | Days to Maturity70-90* | Size2 to 4 in diameter |
VegetablePotato | Days to Maturity90-120 | Sizevaries with cultivar |
35 more rows
How do you harvest vegetables properly? ›
Vegetables that don't easily separate from the plant should be cut off. A dedicated pair of scissors is ideal for snipping off some vegetables, such as beans. A sharp knife or hand pruners should be used to harvest crops with tougher stems, such as eggplants and cucumbers.
How do you tell when your vegetables are ready to harvest? ›
5 Tips on When to Harvest
- Harvest in the early morning after the dew dries. This is when vegetables are at their juiciest and most flavorful. ...
- Once a crop starts producing, check the garden every day! ...
- Bigger is NOT usually better. ...
- Be gentle when you pick. ...
- Not all fruits and vegetables ripen the same way.
What vegetables can you continuously harvest? ›
Other than leafy lettuces, amaranth, arugula, basil, beet greens, bok choy, chicory, cilantro, kale, mache, mustard greens, parsley, sorrel, spinach, Swiss chard, and turnip greens are all continuous harvest vegetables.
When should I pick vegetables? ›
Almost all vegetables are best when harvested early in the morning. Overnight, vegetables regain moisture that they lost during the day, and starches formed during the day may be converted to sugars during the evening. These traits make morning-harvested produce crisper, juicier, and sweeter.
What are the 5 signs that crops are ready for harvest? ›
2.1 Harvest handling
- Skin colour: This factor is commonly applied to fruits, since skin colour changes as fruit ripens or matures. ...
- Optical methods: Light transmission properties can be used to measure the degree of maturity of fruits. ...
- Shape: ...
- Size: ...
- Aroma: ...
- Fruit opening: ...
- Leaf changes: ...
- Abscission:
What is the easiest vegetable to harvest? ›
Our top picks for quick growth
- Bok Choy. ...
- Lettuce. ...
- Zucchini & Squash. ...
- Broccoli. ...
- Snow Peas. ...
- Green Onions. ...
- Kale. Kale is one of those pick as you need leafy greens that you can continually harvest as they grow. ...
- Cress. A peppery flavoured green that is super easy to grow.
How to keep vegetables fresh after harvesting? ›
Store in a cool spot (55°F) in the kitchen in perforated plastic bags. Storage in the refrigerator is also possible for a few days.
When to pull vegetable plants from the garden? ›
When kale and collard greens, spinach, broccoli, brussel sprouts, lettuces, carrots, beets, onions, radishes, bananas, cilantro, for example, go to flower it is time for them to go. Unless, of course, the plant is in good health and you are saving seed. Then, pull the plant after after you have harvested the seeds.
How long do vegetables last once picked? ›
Table 1. Storage Requirements for fresh vegetables.
Crop | Storage Environment | Storage Life |
---|
Broccoli | Cool and Humid | 2-3 weeks |
Cabbage | Cool and Humid | 1-6 months |
Carrots | Cool and Humid | 5-6 months |
Cauliflower | Cool and Humid | 2-3 weeks |
27 more rowsNov 1, 2021
Gardening requires a lot of patience! Long-season vegetables include: asparagus, beans (dry), Brussels sprouts, celery, dill (seed), edamame, garlic, leeks, melons, onions, parsnips, peppers (hot), pumpkins, shallots, sweet potatoes, winter squash.
What happens if you don't harvest vegetables? ›
Delayed harvesting can cause plants to terminate as they complete their reproduction process. As a result, it's always better to harvest just in time, or a little earlier, rather than later.
What vegetable grows back every year? ›
The best known of the perennial vegetables, asparagus is usually planted by purchased roots in sunny, well drained beds. Harvest lightly in the second year, then cut spears for six weeks each spring for 10 or more years. Uncut spears grow about 3 feet tall and produce ferny tops that make a wispy hedge.
What vegetables are good cut and come again? ›
A range of leafy vegetables can be grown as cut and come again, including: Amaranth, basil, beetroot, chicory, coriander, chard, corn salad, dandelion, endive, komatsuma, land cress, leaf celery, lettuce, mizuna, mustard, pak choi, parsley, purslane, radicchio, red kale, rocket, sorrel and spinach.
What is the most resilient vegetable to grow? ›
10 Common Heat- and Drought-Tolerant Vegetables for Your Garden
- Beans. Chickpeas, lentils, butter beans, yard-long beans (also called asparagus beans), black-eyed peas, cream peas, and purple hulls thrive in hot conditions.
- Beets. ...
- Carrots. ...
- Eggplant. ...
- Okra. ...
- Peppers. ...
- Potatoes. ...
- Sweet Potatoes.
How do you know when vegetables are ripe? ›
Consistent firmness is a good sign in most cases. Look for rich, vibrant color. This is a good sign that it is fresh and full of nutrients. Ripe, fresh produce should feel heavy for its appearance.
How early can you cut up vegetables? ›
All cut vegetables should be used within 2 to 3 days.
So go on, cut up some veggies! Do you pre-cut veggies or plan to start? I'd love to hear your comments below. Note: Fermentation is another AWESOME way to store fresh veggies and make them super convenient to eat.
When should I pull up my vegetable plants? ›
When kale and collard greens, spinach, broccoli, brussel sprouts, lettuces, carrots, beets, onions, radishes, bananas, cilantro, for example, go to flower it is time for them to go. Unless, of course, the plant is in good health and you are saving seed. Then, pull the plant after after you have harvested the seeds.