US Crops – Where Are They Grown? (2024)

Introduction

The United States is a market leader in many of the world's major crops. Understanding where and when major United States crops are grown can help Canadian farmers market their crops. Reports on United States seeded acreage, growing conditions, weather forecasts, production reports, and harvest progress are all relevant for Canadian farmers.

Some reports, particularly in farm papers, are interesting news, but they have little market significance. Other reports are very important. Knowing where the various crops are grown can help separate important market news from market noise.

Corn, soybeans, barley and oats

The largest United States crop in terms of total production is corn, the majority of which is grown in a region known as the Corn Belt. The second largest crop grown in the United States is soybeans. As with corn, soybeans are primarily grown in the Midwestern states.

The United States barley crop is of most interest to Canadian malt barley growers. United States barley is grown over a wide geographic area with about 60% as much barley production as Canada.

Although the United States produces some oats, Canada is the world's largest oat exporter and supplies about 70% of the oats imported into the United States.

Table 1 and Figures 1 to 4 show the average annual production of these crops in the United States, where they are grown, when they are seeded, when the crop flowers or heads, and when it is harvested.

Table 1. Crop production in the United States

CropAverage annual production 2015 to 2019Primary growing
areas
SeedingFlowering or headingHarvesting
Corn14 billion bushelsIowa
Illinois
Nebraska
Minnesota
Indiana
Kansas
April and MayJuly through first half of AugustOctober and November
Soybeans4 billion bushelsIllinois
Iowa
Minnesota
Nebraska
Indiana
May and JuneJuly through first 3 weeks of AugustLate September through October
Barley160 million bushelsIdaho
North Dakota
Montana
Colorado
Wyoming
Washington
April and MayJuly through first half of AugustLate July to end of September
Oats53 million bushelsNorth Dakota
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
April and MayJuly through first half of AugustAugust and September

Source: USDA Crop Production 2019 Summary

US Crop Production Maps

Source: USDA Crop Production Maps

Figure 1. United States corn production

US Crops – Where Are They Grown? (1)

See full image: United States corn production.

Figure 2. United States soybean production

US Crops – Where Are They Grown? (2)

See full image: United Statessoybean production.

Figure 3. United Statesbarley production

US Crops – Where Are They Grown? (3)

See full image: United Statesbarley production.

Figure 4. United Statesoat production

US Crops – Where Are They Grown? (4)

See full image: United Statesoat production.

Wheat

The third largest crop grown in the United States is wheat. The United States produces hard red, soft red and white winter wheats and hard red and durum spring-seeded varieties. A very small amount of white spring wheat is also grown.

Table 2 and Figure 5 show the primary growing areas for each type of wheat, including the average seeding, heading, and harvesting dates.

Table 2. Wheat production in the United States

Type of wheatAverage annual production 2017 to 2019Primary growing areasSeedingHeadingHarvesting
Hard red winter wheat748 million bushelsKansas
Colorado
Oklahoma
Texas
Late August to end of OctoberThe following year from late April through early JuneLate May through August
Hard red spring wheat498 million bushelsNorth Dakota
South Dakota
Montana
April to MayMid-June to mid-JulyLate July through mid-September
Soft red winter wheat273 million bushelsIndiana
Ohio
Illinois
North Carolina
Arkansas
Tennessee
Late September to end of OctoberThe following year from late April through early JuneJune through July
Soft white winter wheat252 million bushelsWashington
Oregon
Idaho
Early September to mid-NovemberThe following year from mid-May to end of JuneJuly through August
Durum wheat62 million bushelsWisconsin
North Dakota
Montana
South Dakota
April to MayMid-June to mid-JulyMid-July through mid-September
Hard white winter wheat16 million bushels

Kansas
Colorado

Late August to end of OctoberThe following year from late April through early JuneJuly through August

Figure 5. Wheat Production Areas in the United States

US Crops – Where Are They Grown? (5)

Source: National Association of Wheat Growers 2013, 2017 map of wheat grown by region.

Market noise

The goal of this article is to help farmers to decide what is market noise and what is market news. For example, if you hear a report that says that the corn crop in Utah is suffering from drought, you will know that is market noise rather than significant market news as Utah does not produce a great deal of corn. Similarly, if you hear that the soybean crop in Georgia has been damaged by a frost, you will know that is market noise.

Exporting to the United States

If you are interested in exporting to the United States, watch the video: Exporting Grain, Oilseeds and Special Crops to the United States.

US Crops – Where Are They Grown? (2024)

FAQs

US Crops – Where Are They Grown? ›

Corn, soybeans, barley and oats

Where is most of the US crops grown? ›

In fact, California leads the nation in the growth and production of many different crops – and some are grown ONLY in California*. Let's take a look. *This means that according to CDFA statistics, California grows 99% of the commercially produced crop in the United States.

Where does most US food come from? ›

In fact, in 2016, close to 90% of the food and beverage products consumed in America were produced in the U.S. According to the USDA, in 2021 the top five producing states were California, Iowa, Nebraska, Texas and Minnesota and the leading farm products in the U.S. were cattle, corn, soybeans, milk and other dairy ...

What are the top 5 crops in the US? ›

Photo by Scott Bauer. Corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and hay account for 90% of harvested acreage in the United States. Corn, wheat, and soybeans are grown for both animal feed and human consumption. Cotton is used to make clothing and other products.

What percent of US agriculture comes from California? ›

farms and ranches, California produces over 13 % percent of the nation's agricultural production value.

How much of U.S. food is imported? ›

American consumers seek a safe, diverse, and abundant food supply that is simultaneously affordable and available throughout the year. To help meet these consumer demands, the United States imports about 15 percent of its overall food supply.

Where does the U.S. get most of its grain? ›

U.S. imports of wheat grain, mostly from Canada, have grown from less than 0.1 million metric tons in the 1970s to an average of 2.4 million metric tons over the last 10 complete marketing years (2013/14–2022/23).

Is America self-sufficient in food? ›

Yes, the U.S. is self-sufficient in food production. The U.S. is the #1 producer of corn in the world, the #1 producer of soybeans in the world, the #3 producer of wheat in the world, the #5 producer of potatoes in the world, the #10 producer of sugarcane in the world and the #12 producer of rice in the world.

What is the #1 agriculture state in the US? ›

California ranks first in the U.S. for agricultural cash receipts followed by Iowa, Texas, Nebraska and Illinois.

How much of our food comes from China? ›

Despite the rapid growth, less than 1 percent of the U.S. food supply comes from China.

What is America's largest cash crop? ›

Corn, soybeans account for more than half of the 2022 U.S. crop cash receipts. Crop cash receipts totaled $278.2 billion in calendar year 2022. Receipts from corn and soybeans accounted for $148.5 billion (53.4 percent) of the total.

What is the #1 money producing crop in the US? ›

The largest United States crop in terms of total production is corn, the majority of which is grown in a region known as the Corn Belt.

What is the number 1 vegetable crop in the world? ›

Tomatoes - the world's most popular vegetable.

What is the biggest cash crop in California? ›

Cannabis is estimated to be the largest cash crop in California with a value of more than $11 billion.

Where does the U.S. get most of its food? ›

Canada and the European Union are the two largest suppliers of U.S. agricultural imports, followed by Mexico.

What crops are only grown in California? ›

Many of California's specialty crops (such as almonds, artichokes, and broccoli) are grown almost nowhere else in the country. Specialty crops face a variety of climate-related challenges.

Which US region has the most farming? ›

States with the most amount of farms

Research from the Extension Agricultural Economics shows that Texas consistently has the most farms out of all U.S. states, ranking first in cattle, sheep, goat, and cotton sales.

Where does most of the farming in the United States occur? ›

Although agricultural activity occurs in every U.S. state, it is particularly concentrated in the Central Valley of California and in the Great Plains, a vast expanse of flat arable land in the center of the nation, in the region west of the Great Lakes and east of the Rocky Mountains.

What is the most abundant crop in the United States? ›

The largest United States crop in terms of total production is corn, the majority of which is grown in a region known as the Corn Belt. The second largest crop grown in the United States is soybeans. As with corn, soybeans are primarily grown in the Midwestern states.

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