[1] Princess Anne County, Apprenticeship Indentures, 1806-1868, Barcode 7748854, Apprenticeship Indenture between Overseer of the Poor William N. Laird and John T. Johnson concerning Avoo, Kying, Ahman, and Lunas, 16 August 1860; Norfolk City, Marriage Licenses, 1871-1880, Microfilm Reel 74, John Arman and Rose Ann McCourt, 18 February 1871; Norfolk City, Marriage Register No. 1, 1853-1879, Microfilm Reel 51, John Arman and Rose Ann McCourt, February 1871; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Marriage Register, Norfolk City, 1853-1935, Microfilm Reel 62, p. 18, John Aman and Rose Ann McCourt, February 1871; Ancestry.com, 1870 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Provo, UT: Ancestry.om Operations, Inc., 2009), Entry for John Armann, Kempsville Township, Princess Anne County, VA; Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1880 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2010), Entry for John Ah. Man, Kempsville, Princess Anne County, VA.
[2] Ancestry.com, 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2004), Entry for John Ahman, Kempsville, Princess Anne County, VA.
[3] Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung, “Population Division: Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States,” Population Division Working Paper No. 56, (Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, September 2002), Table 5.
[4] Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung, “Population Division: Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States,” Population Division Working Paper No. 56, (Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, September 2002), Table 61.
[5] Auditor of Pubic Accounts, Overseer of the Poor Annual Reports and Checklists, 1800-1909, APA 739, Box 11, Folder 6: Princess Anne County, 1850-1860 and Box 24, Folder 10: 1859-1860, 1877, 1879.
[6] Princess Anne County, Minute [Order] Book No. 38, 1857-1861, Microfilm Reel 49, pp. 288-289, Entry for the apprenticeship indenture of Avoo, Kyhing, Ahman, and Lunas to John T. Johnson by the Overseers of the Poor, recorded 4 June 1860.
[7] 35 Va. Code 35 ch. 126 §§1-8 (1849)
[8] Princess Anne County, Minute [Order] Book No. 38, 1857-1861, Microfilm Reel 49, pp. 288-289, Entry for the apprenticeship indenture of Avoo, Kyhing, Ahman, and Lunas to John T. Johnson by the Overseers of the Poor, recorded 4 June 1860; Princess Anne County, Apprenticeship Indentures, 1806-1868, Barcode 7748854, Apprenticeship Indenture between Overseer of the Poor William N. Laird and John T. Johnson concerning Avoo, Kying, Ahman, and Lunas, 16 August 1860.
[9] Auditor of Public Accounts, Personal Property Tax Records, Microfilm Reel 77, Princess Anne County, District of J. M. Malbone, 1867, Entry for Jno. Ahman.
[10] Ancestry.com, 1870 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Provo, UT: Ancestry.om Operations, Inc., 2009), Entry for John Armann, Kempsville Township, Princess Anne County, VA.
[11] Norfolk City, Marriage Licenses, 1871-1880, Microfilm Reel 74, John Arman and Rose Ann McCourt, 18 February 1871; Norfolk City, Marriage Register No. 1, 1853-1879, Microfilm Reel 51, John Arman and Rose Ann McCourt, February 1871; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Marriage Register, Norfolk City, 1853-1935, Microfilm Reel 62, p. 18, John Aman and Rose Ann McCourt, February 1871; Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1880 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2010), Entry for John Ah. Man, Kempsville, Princess Anne County, VA; Ancestry.com, 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2004), Entry for John Ahman, Kempsville, Princess Anne County, VA.
[12] Auditor of Public Accounts, Personal Property Tax Records, Microfilm Reel 1942, Princess Anne County, Kempsville, 1894, Entry for John Aman; Auditor of Public Accounts, Personal Property Tax Records, Microfilm Reel 2419, Princess Anne County, Kempsville, 1899, Entry for John Ahman; Auditor of Public Accounts, Personal Property Tax Records, Microfilm Reel 2519, Princess Anne County, Kempsville, 1900, Entry for John J. Ahman, Sr.; Auditor of Public Accounts, Personal Property Tax Records, Microfilm Reel 2725, Princess Anne County, Kempsville, 1902, Entry for Jno. J. Ahman, Sr.; Auditor of Public Accounts, Personal Property Tax Records, Microfilm Reel 2813, Princess Anne County, Kempsville, 1903, Entry for John Ahman.
[13] Ancestry.com, 1870 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Provo, UT: Ancestry.om Operations, Inc., 2009), Entry for John Armann, Kempsville Township, Princess Anne County, VA; Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1880 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2010), Entry for John Ah. Man, Kempsville, Princess Anne County, VA; Ancestry.com, 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2004), Entry for John Ahman, Kempsville, Princess Anne County, VA; Princess Anne County, Apprenticeship Indentures, 1806-1868, Barcode 7748854, Apprenticeship Indenture between Overseer of the Poor William N. Laird and John T. Johnson concerning Avoo, Kying, Ahman, and Lunas, dated 16 August 1860.
[14] Norfolk City, Marriage Licenses, 1871-1880, Microfilm Reel 74, John Arman and Rose Ann McCourt, 18 February 1871; Norfolk City, Marriage Register No. 1, 1853-1879, Microfilm Reel 51, John Arman and Rose Ann McCourt, February 1871; Bureau of Vital Statistics, Marriage Register, Norfolk City, 1853-1935, Microfilm Reel 62, p. 18, John Aman and Rose Ann McCourt, February 1871; “Our History,” Basilica of St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception, accessed 14 May 2020, https://www.basilicaofsaintmary.org/our-history.
[15] Ancestry.com, 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2004), Entry for John Ahman, Kempsville, Princess Anne County, VA; Find a Grave Memorial for John J. Ahman Jr., accessed 19 May 2020, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67717592/john-j-ahman; Find a Grave Memorial for Annie A. Ahman, accessed 19 May 2020, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67717338/annie-a-ahman; Find a Grave Memorial for Bernard Luke Ahman, Sr., accessed 19 May 2020,
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67717429/bernard-luke-ahman; Find A Grave Memorial for Frank Paul Ahman, accessed 19 May 2020, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67717494/frank-paul-ahman; Find a Grave Memorial for Rosa M. Kuhn, accessed 18 May 2020, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/66692310/rosa-m-kuhn.
[16] Gary Y. Okihiro, American History Unbound: Asians and Pacific Islanders (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2015), 84-85; Gregory B. Lee, “Dirty, Diseased and Demented: The Irish, the Chinese, and Racist Representation,” Journal of Global Cultural Studies 12 (2017), accessed 18 May 2020, https://journals.openedition.org/transtexts/1011.
[17] Basilica of St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception (Norfolk, VA), Miscellaneous Microfilm Reel 4649, Baptisms, Burials, and Marriages, 1888-1971, p. 41, Entry for John Ahman.
[18] Norfolk, Portsmouth and Berkley, Va. 1906 Directory, Vol. 39 (Norfolk, Richmond, and Newport News, VA: Hill Directory Co., Publishers, 1906), 34, 375, 700; Norfolk and Portsmouth Virginia 1907 Directory, Vol. 40 (Norfolk, Richmond, and Newport News: Hill Directory Co., Publishers, 1907), 37, 431, 823.
[19] Ancestry.com, 1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line] (Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2006), Entry for Rosana Ahman, Ward 1, Norfolk City, VA.
[20] Find A Grave Memorial for Rosanna McCourt Ahman, accessed 19 May 2020, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67717636/rosanna-ahman.
