Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (2024)

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Phylum:Basidiomycota - Class:Agaricomycetes - Order:Phallales - Family:Phallaceae

Distribution - Taxonomic History - Etymology -Identification - Culinary Notes - Reference Sources

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (6)

Mutinus caninus, the Dog Stinkhorn, is harder to find than the Common Stinkhorn, Phallus impudicus, because it is rather less smelly and much less widespread in its distribution. This is also a much smaller fruitbody.

The many kinds of stinkhorn fungi that occur worldwide, plus various puffballs, earthballs, earthstars, stiltballs and the like have long been grouped together in an entirely artificial taxonomic - Class, the gasteromycetes.

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (7)

Stinkhorns depend entirely on insects for their reproduction. When (mainly diptera) flies are attracted to the smell (of rotting meat) of the gleba on the tips of the fruitbodies, some of the spore-laden gleba sticks to the insects' feet and is eventually transported to dead wood in other locations. As flies visit several stinkhorns so the necessary spore diversity is achieved - in a mannervery much like pollination of flowers by insects - and so a new fertile mycelium can develop on a suitable growing substrate.

Distribution

Uncommon but far from rare, the Dog Stinkhorn is widely distributed throughout Britain and Ireland. Mutinus caninus also occurs in most parts of mainland Europe from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean region. (The specimen shown below was found in southern Portugal.) This species, together with several other similar fungi, is also found in North America.

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (8)

Taxonomic history

In 1778 British botanist William Hudson (1730 - 1793) described this species scientifically and gave it the name Phallus caninus. It was the great Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries who, in splitting the genus Phallus in 1849, transferred the Dog Stinkhorn to the new genus Mutinus, thus establishing the currently accepted name of this species as Mutinus caninus.

Synonyms of Mutinus caninus include Phallus caninus Huds., Phallus inodorus Sowerby, Ithyphallus inodorus Gray, and Cynophallus caninus (Huds.) Berk.

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (9)

Etymology

The genus name Mutinus comes from Latin and means a penis, while - just as it sounds - the specific epithet caninus is a canine allusion, making the binomial name a reference to dogs' phallic bits! (the term Dog in botanical common English such as Dog Violet means 'common'; however, it can hardly be argued that this is the case with Mutinus caninus, which according to official records in Britain and Ireland is much less common than its larger relative of similar shape the Stinkhorn Phallus impudicus.)

Identification guide

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (10)

Description

The 'egg' from which the Dog Stinkhorn develops is usually almost completely buried and difficult to find until the stipe emerges from the egg - unlike the Common Stinkhorn, Phallus impudicus, whose eggs develop with much more exposed above ground.

Typically 8 to 15cm tall; stipe diameter is 1 to 1.5cm. The cap is honeycombed beneath the gleba (a shiny, sticky, smelly coating that contains the spores).

Once insects have consumed the dark olive gleba, the tip of the fungus turns orange and then the whole fruitbody decays rapidly: there is usually nothing left within three or four days.

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (11)

Volva

The volva-like remains of the 'egg' often appear above the ground once the fruitbody is fully developed.

Stem

The white stipe has a texture and appearance of expanded polystyrene and is barely strong enough to support the small, half-egg-shaped head with its coating of sticky olive gleba.

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (12)

Spores

Oblong, smooth, 4-5 x 1.5-2µm.

Show larger image

Spores of Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (13)

Spore print

The gleba, which is dark olive, contains pale yellow spores.

Odour/taste

Unpleasant odour, but not as strong as that of the Common Stinkhorn, Phallus impudicus. I haven't found anyone with experience of tasting Dog Stinkhorns!

Habitat

Saprobic, found growing in small groups and sometimes in fairy rings, most often in coniferous forests and close to rotting stumps of other sources of well-rotted timber. These fungi sometimes fruit on damp old woodchip mulch in parks and gardens.

Season

July to early October in Britain and Ireland.

Similar species

Phallus impudicus, the Common Stinkhorn, is much larger and has a stronger odour; its honeycombed cap surface is white rather than orange beneath the gleba.

Culinary notes

The smell of a mature Dog Stinkhorn is nowhere near as strong as the vile odours of many other members (sic!) of the stinkhorn family. The immature eggs of this gasteromycete fungus are stated in some field guides to be edible but in others inedible.

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (14)

Although they are not known to be seriously poisonous, these are definitely not delectable fungi. Several people have reported their dogs being very sick after eating mature Dog Stinkhorns, and so it's most likely that any person eating mature specimens would suffer a similar fate. In China the dried eggs of Dog Stinkhorn are readily available in shops and, it seems, they are quite popular as edible fungi - but maybe the big attraction is their assumed medicinal value. Now I wonder what that might be? Unfortunately we can't ask the flies that have eaten the gleba from the specimen shown below...

Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (15)

Reference Sources

Fascinated by Fungi, 2nd Edition, Pat O'Reilly 2016, reprinted by Coch-y-bonddu Books in 2022.

Pegler, D.N., Laessoe, T. & Spooner, B.M (1995). British Puffballs, Earthstars and Stinkhorns. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Dictionary of the Fungi; Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter and J. A. Stalpers; CABI, 2008

Taxonomic history and synonym information on these pages is drawn from many sources but in particular from the British Mycological Society's GB Checklist of Fungi.

Acknowledgements

This page includes pictures kindly contributed by Simon Harding and David Kelly.

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Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (16)

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Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn, identification (2024)

FAQs

How do you identify a dog stinkhorn? ›

Dog Stinkhorn is much smaller than the Common Stinkhorn - typically 8 to 15cm tall; stipe diameter is 1 to 1.5cm. The cap is honeycombed beneath the gleba (a shiny, sticky, smelly coating that contains the spores).

Should I get rid of stinkhorn? ›

The stinkhorn is not harmful to plants or to people, and the smell alone doesn't invite an up-close inspection. There's not much you can do to rid yourself of the stinkhorn in the mulch bed. You might try raking the mulch to break off the stalk and shorten its life cycle.

Are stinkhorn fungus poisonous? ›

Toxicity. 'Stinkhorns' are not considered to be poisonous. No human fatalities have been recorded as resulting from consumption of members of this group. They are considered 'Noxious' for their foul odor and reported veterinary experience of dogs ingesting the mushrooms and having gastric irritation symptoms.

Where do dog stinkhorn grow? ›

The elegant stinkhorn is found in wooded areas and looks somewhat similar, but the stinking dog is noted for being found in shaded parks and cultivated locations growing in areas covered with woodchips, leaf litter or rich, organic soils.

What is Devil's Dipstick? ›

Elegant stinkhorn (Mutinus elegans), also known as. devil's dipstick, is a funky-smelling fungus that is. typically found on the forest floor near rotting logs or in. mulch beds. While most fungi rely on wind to disperse.

Are dog stinkhorns edible? ›

Stinkhorns are generally not considered to be edible and even if you are into mushrooms, you won't likely confuse these with any of their appetizing relatives, nor will you find them terribly appealing. Dog Stinkhorn mushrooms are found in the eastern US as well as Europe, Asia, and elsewhere.

Will stinkhorns come back every year? ›

Stinkhorns are short-lived and will naturally disappear quite rapidly. If stinkhorns are too unsightly, if their smell becomes too putrid, if they attract too many insects, or if there is concern about small children or pets eating them, pluck them from the ground and discard them as they appear.

Why do I have stinkhorns in my yard? ›

Stinkhorns can be found in lawns, around the base of dead trees, or in flowerbeds mulched with wood chips. They are commonly found near uprooted trees, near decayed logs or in humus. They are produced during wet, cool periods in late summer and fall. They are not harmful and no control is necessary.

Can you touch a stinkhorn mushroom? ›

Sometimes though, as is the case here, they can be dispersed by humans moving sod, soil, or wood chips containing stinkhorn spores to a new area. Stinkhorns are not harmful to you, your children or your pets, but as with any other wild mushroom you should not play with or eat them.

Can stinkhorns make a dog sick? ›

Although they are not known to be seriously poisonous, these are definitely not delectable fungi. Several people have reported their dogs being very sick after eating mature Dog Stinkhorns, and so it's most likely that any person eating mature specimens would suffer a similar fate.

What animals eat stinkhorns? ›

Dogs are more likely than cats to ingest mushrooms and they are particularly attracted to stinkhorns. The stinkhorn pictured here is Aseroe rubra, more commonly known as the anemone stinkhorn or red starfish fungus.

Are stinkhorns bad for my garden? ›

They are not detrimental to the garden and actually are helping to break down organic matter; but while they are around, they smell pretty bad and can attract unwanted insects. Just knock them down when you see them, and that will reduce the smell.

How do I get rid of stinkhorns permanently? ›

Remove underground stumps, dead roots, and sawdust left from grinding stumps. The fungus also grows on decomposing hardwood mulch, so replace old hardwood mulch with pine needles, straw, or chopped leaves. You might also consider using live groundcovers instead of mulch.

What is the egg of the dog Stinkhorn? ›

The fruiting body emerges from a white 'egg' about 2-3cm wide with mycelial cords at the base. Under the outer skin is a layer of slime like material surrounding the fruiting body before it emerges. Once the fruiting body has emerged, the egg looks like volval remains.

What season do stinkhorns grow? ›

During cool weather in winter and early spring, some Florida homeowners begin to notice foul-smelling mushrooms popping up in their yard. Although their strong rotting smell is unappealing, these fungi – the stinkhorn – are not actually bad for your landscape and can be beneficial.

What happens if my dog eats a stinkhorn? ›

Although they are not known to be seriously poisonous, these are definitely not delectable fungi. Several people have reported their dogs being very sick after eating mature Dog Stinkhorns, and so it's most likely that any person eating mature specimens would suffer a similar fate.

What does stinkhorn fungus look like? ›

The stinkhorn is a phallus-shaped fungus that emerges from an egg-shaped base. The pitted, bell-shaped cap is covered with olive-brown slime and has an offensive smell. The stinkhorn can be found in woods and gardens, and is associated with rotting wood.

What does an elegant stinkhorn look like? ›

The mature elegant stinkhorn is a tapered orange or pink column. The immature stages look like small white eggs. Mushrooms are a lot like plants, but they lack chlorophyll and have to take nutrients from other materials.

References

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