Learn how to grow tomatoes. Get tips about growing tomatoes in the ground, raised beds, or containers. Care for tomato plants from planting to harvesting.
Choosing tomato varieties can be confusing because there are so many, so use our Tomato Chooser to help you pick the best for your garden. Our article "Learn Tomato Terms" explains some basic (but important) tomato terms, such as hybrid, indeterminate vs. determinate, and VFN (disease resistance). It's a good idea to grow a range of varieties, including at least one or two disease-resistant types, since, of all veggies, tomatoes tend to be the most susceptible to disease.
How to Plant and Care for Tomatoes
- Tomatoes run on warmth; plant in late spring and early summer except in zone 10, where they are a fall and winter crop.
- For a head start on growing, plant starter plants instead of seeds. Choose young tomato plants from Bonnie Plants®, a company that has spent over 100 years helping home gardeners grow their best gardens.
- Devote a prime, sunny spot to growing tomatoes. Tomatoes need at least 6 to 8 hours of sun to bring out their best flavors.
- You will need to stake, trellis, or cage most tomato plants to keep them off the ground. Decide on a support plan before you set out your plants, then add that support directly after planting.
- Give each plant enough room to grow. Space robust, long-vined, indeterminate varieties about 3 feet apart. Stockier determinate plants can be grown 2 feet apart. Improve the planting area by mixing in a few inches of high quality garden soil, like aged compost-enriched Miracle-Gro® Performance Organics® All Purpose In-Ground Soil, with the top layer of existing soil. If growing in containers, you'll need at least a 24-inch pot for an indeterminate variety, or an 18-inch pot for a determinate variety. Be sure to fill containers with premium potting mix, such as Miracle-Gro® Performance Organics® All Purpose Container Mix, for best growth.
- Tomatoes take up nutrients best when the soil pH ranges from 6.2 to 6.8, and they need a constant supply of major and minor plant nutrients. To provide needed nutrients, mix a continuous-release fertilizer with calcium, like Miracle-Gro® Performance Organics® Edibles Plant Nutrition Granules, into the soil as you prepare the planting holes. Continue feeding during the growing season as the label directs. This will help protect fruit from blossom end rot, a problem that can occur when the plant isn't getting enough calcium.
- At the same time, mix in 3 to 4 inches of compost, which will provide minor nutrients and help hold moisture and fertilizer in the soil until it is needed by the plants.
- To grow a really strong tomato plant, we recommend burying two-thirds of the stem when planting. This crucial step will allow the plant to sprout roots along the buried stem, so your plant will be stronger and better able to find water in a drought. Please note that this deep-planting method only works with tomatoes (and tomatillos), not other veggies.
- Immediately after planting, water seedlings to help settle them in.
- You can combine fast-maturing varieties with special season-stretching techniques to grow an early crop, but wait until the last frost has passed to plant main-season tomatoes.
- Cover the ground with 2 to 4 inches of mulch to minimize weeds and help keep the soil evenly moist. Straw and shredded leaves make great mulches for tomatoes.
- Water regularly, aiming for at least an inch of moisture per week (through rain or watering), more in the summertime. Feel the soil; if the top inch is dry, it's time to water.
How to Troubleshoot Tomato Problems
- As summer heats up, some tomatoes have trouble setting fruit. Be patient, and you will start seeing little green tomatoes again when nights begin cooling down. Meanwhile, promptly harvest ripe tomatoes to relieve stressed plants of their heavy burden. If you live in an area in which summertime temperatures are typically in the 90s, be sure to choose some heat-tolerant tomato varieties, bred for their ability to set fruit under high temperatures.
- If summer droughts are common in your area, or you tend to forget to water, use soaker hoses, drip irrigation, or other drought-busting techniques to help maintain even soil moisture. Not only will this help prevent cracked fruits, but also help keep blossom end rot at bay. (Moisture fluctuations can reduce the amount of calcium the plant is able to take up, which can lead to blossom end rot.)
- Humid weather creates ideal conditions for fungal diseases like early blight, which causes dark spots to first form on lower leaves. Be sure to remove any unhealthy looking or diseased leaves throughout the season. Late blight is a more devastating disease that kills plants quickly; the only way to control it is to protect against it by spraying the leaves with an approved fungicide such as chlorothalonil or copper, and to keep the garden clean of plant debris.
- You'll also want to be on the lookout for pests. In mid-summer, for example, big green caterpillars called tomato hornworms eat tomato foliage and sometimes damage fruits. One or two hornworms can strip a plant leafless in short order! Deal with pests as soon as you spot them.
- By late summer, plants that began producing early in the season will show signs of exhaustion. With just a little effort, you can extend the life of those sad tomato plants by pruning away withered leaves and branches. Then follow up with liquid plant food and treatments for leaf diseases or insects, if needed.
- Check out our article on Tomato Quirks for more troubleshooting information
How to Harvest and Store Tomatoes
- As tomatoes begin to ripen, their colour changes from vibrant medium-green to a lighter shade, with faint pink or yellow blushing. These "breakers," or mature green tomatoes, can be chopped into salsas, pickled, or pan-fried into a crispy appetizer. Yet tomato flavours become much more complex as the fruits ripen, so you have good reason to wait. The exact signs of ripeness vary with variety, but in general, perfectly ripe tomatoes show deep colour yet still feel firm when gently squeezed.
- Store picked tomatoes at room temperature indoors, or in a shady place outside. Never refrigerate tomatoes, because temperatures below 55° cause the precious flavour compounds to break down.
- Bumper crops can be frozen, canned, or dried for future use.
FAQs
Your plant tags say to plant tomatoes deep: two-thirds of the plant underground. Is that really a good practice?
Yes, we recommend this because the more plant you put under the soil, the better the root system. The buried stem of a tomato plant will sprout roots. However, this is not true for all vegetables, only tomatoes and tomatillos.
The tag says full sun, but in Arizona with temperatures reaching over the 100 degree mark, is that going to be an issue with this plant?
We recommend that you give your tomatoes some afternoon shade in summer. They need some relief.
What is meant by "maturity is reached in __ days"?
The maturity is the number of days from planting the seedling until the fruit is ready to pick. This varies a little with weather and region, but the "days to maturity" is a good way to see what will be ready early, mid, and late season.
What size cage should I use for my tomato plants?
Most tomatoes work best with a 5- to 6-foot trellis, stake, or cage. Buy the largest cage possible or make your own from concrete reinforcement wire. The vines of indeterminate tomatoes can get longer than 6 feet, but just let them climb to the top and droop over and down if that doesn't bother you. Otherwise, you'll be harvesting with a ladder!
When the plant says full sun, what exactly does that mean?
Full sun means no shade all day, but in many cases in the summer, that’s too much. In hot climates, herbs and some vegetables appreciate a little shade in the mid to late afternoon.
Is it a good idea to always stake or cage my tomatoes?
Yes. Staking tomatoes helps to increase yield and prevent rotting and diseases.
Can I plant one tomato plant in a five-gallon bucket on my patio? How large should the container be for a tomato?
Yes, a 5-gallon container is the minimum size for a tomato plant. A container should be at least 18 inches wide at the top for a tomato, preferably 24 inches for an indeterminate tomato plant. Also, make sure your container has drainage holes.
What do the letters VFFN stand for in the names of your tomatoes?
These letters represent problems that a variety resists, which means that it should not succumb to the problem. V=Verticillium wilt, F and FF=Fusarium wilt races 1 and 2, A= Alternaria leaf spot. The N is for nematode resistance; nematodes are not a disease, they are tiny eel-like pests that ruin roots. There are other designations, too, which are included in the tomato variety descriptions in our online plant catalog.
Is there such a thing as nematode-resistant tomato plants?
Yes, many varieties are resistant to nematodes. Look for the "N" after the name, which stands for nematode resistance. To find these varieties, check the catalog section of our website. Our tomato descriptions list plants' resistance to nematodes and other problems.
Should I be pruning off the lower branches of my tomato plants? How far off of the ground should the lower branches be?
Pruning is not necessary, but some people do it to keep soil that might harbor diseases from splashing up on the leaves; 12 to 18 inches from the ground ought to do it.
Is it true that pinching off the flowers on the tomato plant helps it to produce more fruit?
It will not help production, but it could increase the size of the tomatoes left on the vine by a little bit.
I just planted my tomatoes and found out that it is too early. Should I put something over them to protect them at night?
Your tomatoes should be okay if you cover them to protect them from frost and cold, strong wind. Don't let the foliage touch the cover unless it is a material that doesn’t transfer the cold easily, such as bonded polyester row cover, a cardboard box, or a blanket. Avoid metal cans or plastic unless it does not touch the plants.
What causes tomatoes to turn black on the bottom?
They call that blossom end rot. It is thought to be caused by lack of calcium and drought stress. One way to add calcium is to lime the soil. This will help future crops. To help the current crop, purchase a calcium solution, such as Stop-rot, that you spray on the plants.
Do I have to replant tomatoes every year, or do the plants come back when the time is right?
Tomatoes are annuals that are killed by frost. They need to be replanted each year.
Caring for Tomatoes Growing Techniques Growing Tomatoes Planting Tomatoes Staking Tomatoes Tomatoes Urban Gardening Vegetables
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Lemon Thyme (2 Pack) A favorite of all thymes, lemon thyme is great in the garden and the kitchen. Easy to grow. Although it looks like German thyme (or English thyme), it definitely tastes and smells like lemon. Use lemon thyme in any recipe that calls for lemon, including marinades. Lemon thyme grows vigorously, so you can trim back to keep neat and compact and enjoy the trimmings! The glossy green foliage is easily sheared into a tiny hedge if you are looking to create a traditional knot garden. Evergreen in zones 8 and 9. This is a really pretty thyme that our customers brag about for its vigor and size. Lemon thyme looks great in a pot. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun to Partial Shade
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German Thyme (2 Pack) Thyme is an easy and practical herb to grow. Highly aromatic, it enhances meat dishes, eggs, cheeses, soups, and sauces, and it is a primary component of both Bouquet Garni and Herbes de Provence. Use it to elevate the flavor of good ole' beef stew, too. This tiny-leaved thyme is among the most aromatic, more so than larger-leafed varieties. You may also hear it called winter thyme, because it is one of the most cold hardy of all the different thymes. The leaves are evergreen to semi-evergreen, depending on the how far North it is growing. In the warm, humid climates of zones 9 and 10 it may suffer in the summer; in zone 10 it is best to lower your expectations and just consider it a cool season annual. Thyme is well suited for containers because of its size and the fact that it demands perfect drainage. Give it excellent drainage in a pot and good air circulation. Because it is low-growing and has thin stems and a wiry habit, don't crowd it because vigorous neighboring plants might choke it out. Upright-growing rosemary is a good companion. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun to Partial Shade
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Italian Oregano (2 Pack) Savor classic Italian cuisine with the flavorful leaves of this oregano. An easy-growing plant for the garden or container, Italian oregano hails from the Mediterranean region. That means it thrives with lower humidity and well-drained soil. In the garden, use this oregano as an edging plant. Plants spread when happy, rooting along the stems. Harvest leaves or stems anytime during the growing season. Flavor is most intense just before plants flower. Trim plants often to keep flower formation at bay. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun to Partial Shade
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Black Beauty Eggplant (2 Pack) Eggplant parmesan, ratatouille, baba ghanoush, or simply grilled as a “burger,” you’ll love creating your favorite dishes with Black Beauty eggplant. The gorgeous, delicious, purple-black fruit not only stars in many fabulous recipes, it’s so easy to grow at home for the freshest flavor. Plants produce pretty, prolific harvests in warm weather—keep them well-watered and harvest often. Pick the fruit before the glossy, dark skin begins to fade. (The color and glossiness of the eggplant determine the best time to harvest, rather than the fruit’s size.) Grows beautifully in garden beds or containers. Add a cage to your eggplant to help support stems when heavy with fruit. Place in full sun, and feed regularly. Matures in 80 days. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun
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German Queen Heirloom Tomato (2 Pack) Heirloom. This old-fashioned beefsteak has large, sweet fruits that are lower in acid and quite meaty, making them perfect for slicing. The indeterminate vines will grow tall and bear fruit all summer long, so be sure to stake strongly or cage. One slice makes a great sandwich filling! 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Heirloom
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Garden Sage (2 Pack) Gardeners add the uniquely flavored leaves of common garden sage, an herbaceous perennial, to sauces, stuffings, poultry, pork, and sausage. It provides a lovely fragrance and flavor to a dish, especially when leaves are sautéed before adding. It is a good fall and winter plant in hot climates. Great for containers. Needs good drainage. Organic varieties are only available at retailers. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun
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Serrano Pepper (2 Pack) This variety is a vigorous bearer of hot, pungent, candle-shaped fruits that mature from green to bright red. Plants do well in most climates and are especially well adapted to hot, humid areas. This pepper is growing in popularity for pickling and salsa, and is the pepper of choice for making pico de gallo.Organic varieties are only available at retailers. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Hot heat
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Tabasco Hot Pepper (2 Pack) Heirloom. This hot pepper is used to make the famous Tabasco® Sauce. Peppers mature from yellow-green to orange to red and have a unique, smoky flavor that contributes to Tabasco's distinctive taste. While adapted to all areas of the US, plants produce continuously and will therefore produce the most peppers in the South and Southwest, where the growing season is longest. In frost-free areas, plants can live for several years. Easy to grow, the compact Tabasco is also a good choice for containers. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Hot heat
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Red Ghost Super Hot Pepper (2 Pack) You’ve probably heard of the ghost pepper, as it has made its name as one of the hottest peppers in the world. Fruits ripen from green to bright red, and have thin, wrinkled skins. This is a slow growing plant, but it can sometimes reach up to 4 feet tall. Handle these fiery chili peppers with caution: Wear gloves and long sleeves when harvesting, and don’t let cut peppers—or anything made with them—touch your skin. (Goggles are a good idea, too.) Remember, a very little goes an extremely long way with this pepper. Some Bonnie Plants varieties may not be available at your local stores, as we select and sell varieties best suited to the growing conditions in each region. 2-pack starter plants 25 fl oz pot volume Extreme heat
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Peppermint Mint (2 Pack) Many herbs are easy to grow, and this is definitely true for peppermint. Square stems tend to run rampantly over — and under — soil. In small garden spaces, it's best to tuck peppermint into a pot to curtail its wandering ways. Peppermint thrives alongside water gardens or in damp spots in the yard, but will also survive in drier soil. Lushest growth occurs in moist soil in partial shade. Crush fresh leaves into water for a refreshing beverage, or add to iced tea. You can also dry leaves for flavoring dishes or beverages and making desserts like meringues, cookies, or cakes. Pick leaves frequently. Plants open lavender blooms in late summer. Tolerates light frost. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun to Partial Shade
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Ichiban Eggplant (2 Pack) Pretty, productive, and delicious—Ichiban-type Japanese eggplant meets all of your garden goals! The slim, 10-inch-long, deep purple fruit tastes sweet and mild, making it a perfect choice for grilling and roasting. Chefs love creating culinary treats with this beauty, so imagine how scrumptious your meals will taste when you harvest this lovely homegrown, thin-skinned eggplant just hours before dinner. A hybrid variety, it prefers warm weather but grows well in cooler climates, too, with harvests lasting into fall. Grows beautifully in garden beds or containers. Add a cage to your eggplant to help support stems when heavy with fruit. Place in full sun, and feed regularly. Matures in 50 to 60 days. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun
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Snacking Red Pepper (2 Pack) Talk about goodness from the garden! These deliciously sweet, snack-size red peppers taste so good right off the plant that they might never see the inside of your kitchen. Kids love them for snacks and lunches, and they also taste great in salads and stir-fries. Fruits tend to be slightly smaller than Lunchbox Orange. Great for containers; plant each one in an 18-inch pot. Stake mature plants or surround with a small tomato cage to provide support. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Sweet heat
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Citronella Mosquito Plant A citrus-scented geranium, this is a great patio plant, especially in containers. Be careful not to over-fertilize because too much nitrogen can reduce the fragrance of the leaves. Although the oil from crushed leaves may have some ability to discourage mosquitoes, the plants alone are grown more for their refreshing scent than as a mosquito repellent. Place citronella near a gate or path where you brush against the leaves as you walk by, or in a pot where children can rub the leaves to enjoy their fragrance. Plants are vigorous growers and drought tolerant. Be sure to move indoors before frost. 1-pack starter plant 2.32 qt pot volume Partial Shade
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Big Boy Tomato (2 Pack) The name, Big Boy, is easy to remember and so is the flavor. This is a big, sandwich-type slicer with smooth, bright red fruit and a flavor that everybody likes. It bears heavily in mid-season, yet the indeterminate vines continue fruiting (though not as heavily) until frost. Plants in our Alabama test garden, where conditions are excellent, have yielded 100 tomatoes each through a 10-week harvest season. Long vines need staking, or grow the plant in a tall cage. Resistant to cracking. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun
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Banana Hot Pepper (2 Pack) If you like a hint of heat with your peppers, give hot banana pepper a try. The 6-inch-long, banana-shaped fruit provides a bit of a kick—without frightening less-adventurous eaters. Pickled, fried, or roasted, it adds terrific flavor to your favorite dishes. Plus, the fruit creates a pretty pop of color in the garden and on the plate, maturing from pale green to yellow to orange to red. You’ll appreciate its resilience in summer, too, as the plant produces well even in hot weather. Performs well in containers. Hybrid. Add a cage or stake to your pepper when planting to support stems heavy with fruit. Place in full sun, and feed regularly. Be sure to label plants if you’re also growing sweet banana peppers. Scoville heat units: 5,000 to 10,000. Matures in 75 days. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Medium heat
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Greek Oregano (2 Pack) Enjoy oregano aroma and flavor on pizza, in egg dishes, and in tomato sauces. Native to the Mediterranean region, this plant prefers climates with lower humidity, so keep the foliage and roots away from too much moisture. Give it good air circulation. For that reason, it is perfectly suited for a container. In the ground it makes a ground-cover-like mat. Harvest anytime, but especially as the stems begin to get tall and are getting ready to flower -- that is when the leaves are the most flavorful. Cut it back several times during the growing season to harvest the leaves from the stems. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun to Partial Shade
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Cayenne Pepper (2 Pack) Light: Full sun. Fruit size: 5 to 6 inches. Matures: 70 to 75 days. Plant spacing: 12 to 18 inches apart. Plant size: 18 to 24 inches tall. Scoville heat units: 30,000 to 50,000 (hot). This very hot pepper is the prime ingredient in Cayenne pepper, which is made when the dried peppers are ground into powder. This is also the favored spice of Creole and Cajun cuisine used to give gumbo and crayfish dishes their punch. Thin-walled, skinny, wrinkled fruits are 5 to 6 Inches long and very hot. However, they will not be hot when small. Wait until they get at least 5 or 6 Inches long to pick hot ones. They can be substituted for most dishes calling for Serrano, Jalapeno, or Habanero peppers. Easy to grow and tolerant of hot, humid weather, Cayenne will produce peppers all summer. These skinny peppers are also called chili or finger peppers. Great for containers. Some Bonnie Plants varieties may not be available at your local stores, as we select and sell varieties best suited to the growing conditions in each region. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Hot heat
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Tami G Grape Tomato (2 Pack) Gardeners who have grown Tami G grape tomatoes appreciate her hybrid qualities, both in the garden and at the table. These firm, sweet, dark-red grape tomatoes grow 1 1/4 inch long x 3/4 inch wide, perfect for a healthy snack or salad. Tami G grape tomatoes grow into a vigorous vine that can reach 8 to 9 feet tall in a season, easily growing over the top of the cage and back down again. Because this variety is disease resistant, you will enjoy an extended harvest. This makes an absolutely beautiful branch of grape tomatoes that you can lay out on a table and let folks pick their own from the stem (like grapes). It's a crowd pleaser. Resistant to fusarium wilt (F), alterneria stem canker (ASC), gray leaf spot (St), and bacterial spec race 0. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun
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Spearmint Mint (2 Pack) Spearmint has strong flavor and fragrance that is released with simple bruising. It's the best mint variety for hot and cold drinks. Toss bruised leaves into ice water for a refreshing summer drink or add to iced tea. Spearmint is favored for flavoring beverages such as mojito. Also know as Yerba Buena. Spreading plant is great for containers. Tolerates light frost. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun to Partial Shade
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English Thyme (2 Pack) English thyme is a low-growing plant with fragrant leaves. This herb goes well with just about everything. Add it (fresh or dried) to blended herb mixtures, or use in soups, sauces, beans, meat dishes, and more. It’s also a great addition to potpourri or homemade soap. But thyme isn’t just useful inside the house, as it also makes a wonderfully aromatic ground cover or border. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun to Partial Shade
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Catnip (2 Pack) Your favorite feline will purr-fectly adore fresh catnip. Add it to your garden bed or plant it in a container for inside kitties, and watch them go wild! A member of the mint family, catnip creates a comical response in most cats, with lots of purring, rubbing, and rolling on the plant. This easy-to-grow, hardy herb produces pretty clusters of white flowers with purple dots in the summer, adding beauty to your garden. And, if your feline friend will share, catnip leaves make a lovely tea for humans. Dry the leaves to create homemade cat toys stuffed with catnip for more cat antics! Plant in full sun to part shade. Perennial (zones 4 to 10). 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Partial Shade
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Chamomile (2 Pack) Need a little help relaxing? Add chamomile to the garden, and brew a cup of homegrown, soothing chamomile tea to unwind before bed. While best known for use in tea, the pretty, edible flowers also add a slightly sweet flavor to dishes, desserts, and drinks. Chamomile looks lovely and makes a great companion plant in vegetable gardens, attracting beneficial insects, like pollinators and predatory insects that feed on pests, to boost harvests and keep veggies healthy. Enjoy the large shows of pretty, petite, daisy-like flowers—they look great in bouquets, too. Plant in full sun to partial shade. Annual. Matures in 60 to 65 days. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Full Sun
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Ponchi Mi Tomato (2 Pack) Imagine growing tasty, healthy snacks right on your kitchen counter or sunny windowsill! Part of the Bonnie® Reserve Collection, the Ponchi Mi Tomato takes garden-to-table meals to the next level. The petite, compact plant grows beautifully in well-lit, small spaces, producing terrific harvests of sweet, bright-red fruit that’s easily grown, harvested, and enjoyed indoors or out. The clearly-visible fruit grows on top of the plant, making a pretty addition to indoor décor or balcony planters, as well as a convenient, flavorful ingredient in your favorite meals. Easy to grow and disease resistant. The plant grows only 6 inches tall, so no need for supports. Great for containers or planted in the garden, too. Place in full sun and feed regularly. Matures in 56 to 63 days. *Image Credit: Ponchi™ F1- Mi © Prudac 2-pack starter plants 25 fl oz pot volume Full sun
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Yellow Scotch Bonnet Hot Pepper (2 Pack) Create a Caribbean vibe in your kitchen! Yellow Scotch Bonnet Hot Pepper hails from Jamaica, land of reggae and beautiful beaches, and now you can grow your own secret ingredient to create delicious Caribbean-inspired jerk chicken for a Jamaican-themed staycation. A cousin of the habanero, this pepper has a distinctive sweet-heat flavor and thick walls, making it perfect for the long cooking times needed to create jerks and curries. The fruit’s name originates from its shape, which looks like a Scotsman’s bonnet. The plant reaches 24 to 36 inches tall and grows beautifully in garden beds or containers. Adding a cage to your pepper plant helps support stems when heavy with fruit. Hybrid. Place in full sun and feed regularly. Scoville heat units: 100,000 to 350,000. Wear gloves when handling fruit. Matures in 80 to 90 days. 2-pack starter plants 19.3 fl oz pot volume Extreme heat
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