Greenhouse effect | Definition, Diagram, Causes, & Facts (2024)

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greenhouse effect, a warming of Earth’s surface and troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere) caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and certain other gases in the air. Of those gases, known as greenhouse gases, water vapour has the largest effect.

The origins of the term greenhouse effect are unclear. French mathematician Joseph Fourier is sometimes given credit as the first person to coin the term greenhouse effect based on his conclusion in 1824 that Earth’s atmosphere functioned similarly to a “hotbox”—that is, a heliothermometer (an insulated wooden box whose lid was made of transparent glass) developed by Swiss physicist Horace Bénédict de Saussure, which prevented cool air from mixing with warm air. Fourier, however, neither used the term greenhouse effect nor credited atmospheric gases with keeping Earth warm. Swedish physicist and physical chemist Svante Arrhenius is credited with the origins of the term in 1896, with the publication of the first plausible climate model that explained how gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap heat. Arrhenius first refers to this “hot-house theory” of the atmosphere—which would be known later as the greenhouse effect—in his work Worlds in the Making (1903).

Britannica QuizPop Quiz: 18 Things to Know About Global Warming

The atmosphere allows most of the visible light from the Sun to pass through and reach Earth’s surface. As Earth’s surface is heated by sunlight, it radiates part of this energy back toward space as infrared radiation. This radiation, unlike visible light, tends to be absorbed by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, raising its temperature. The heated atmosphere in turn radiates infrared radiation back toward Earth’s surface. (Despite its name, the greenhouse effect is different from the warming in a greenhouse, where panes of glass transmit visible sunlight but hold heat inside the building by trapping warmed air.)

Without the heating caused by the greenhouse effect, Earth’s average surface temperature would be only about −18 °C (0 °F). On Venus the very high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes an extreme greenhouse effect resulting in surface temperatures as high as 450 °C (840 °F).

Although the greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon, it is possible that the effect could be intensified by the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as the result of human activity. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution through the end of the 20th century, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by roughly 30 percent and the amount of methane more than doubled. A number of scientists have predicted that human-related increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases could lead by the end of the 21st century to an increase in the global average temperature of 3–4 °C (5.4–7.2 °F) relative to the 1986–2005 average. This global warming could alter Earth’s climates and thereby produce new patterns and extremes of drought and rainfall and possibly disrupt food production in certain regions.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by John P. Rafferty.

Greenhouse effect | Definition, Diagram, Causes, & Facts (2024)

FAQs

Greenhouse effect | Definition, Diagram, Causes, & Facts? ›

greenhouse effect, a warming of Earth's surface and troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere) caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and certain other gases in the air. Of those gases, known as greenhouse gases, water vapour has the largest effect. greenhouse effect on Earth.

What is the definition and causes of greenhouse effect? ›

The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere.

What is the greenhouse effect fact? ›

The greenhouse effect is the process through which heat is trapped near Earth's surface by substances known as 'greenhouse gases. ' Imagine these gases as a cozy blanket enveloping our planet, helping to maintain a warmer temperature than it would have otherwise.

What is the greenhouse effect caused by ______? ›

The greenhouse effect is caused due to IR rays. Greenhouse effect: It is the process where infrared radiation from the Sun is absorbed by water vapor and certain gases in the atmosphere, thus increasing the temperature on the Earth.

What are the effects of the greenhouse effect? ›

For that reason, the greenhouse effect, far from being our great ally as was the case in the past, is now a risk to our survival. The flooding of coastal cities, the desertification of fertile areas, the melting of glacial masses and the proliferation of devastating hurricanes are just some of the main consequences.

What causes most greenhouse effect? ›

Burning fossil fuels produces huge quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is a greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide along with other greenhouse gasses such as methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are changing the composition of the atmosphere and are adding to the greenhouse effect.

What is the cause of the greenhouse effect essay? ›

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon. Due to wrong human activities such as clearing forests, burning fossil fuels, releasing industrial gas in the atmosphere, etc., the emission of greenhouse gases is increasing. Thus, this has, in turn, resulted in global warming.

What are three main greenhouse effects? ›

In descending order, the gases that contribute most to the Earth's greenhouse effect are: water vapour (H2O) carbon dioxide (CO2) nitrous oxide(N2O)

What summarizes the greenhouse effect? ›

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and some is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.

What is the biggest contributor to the greenhouse effect? ›

Carbon dioxide is considered as the major contributor to the greenhouse effect. It is because of the fact that it sticks around in the environment more than any other heat-trapping gas.

What is the main source of the greenhouse effect? ›

Carbon dioxide (CO2) makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions from the sector, but smaller amounts of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are also emitted. These gases are released during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, to produce electricity.

Why is it called the greenhouse effect? ›

But what exactly does it mean? In short: it is the natural process that warms the Earth's surface. The process is called the greenhouse effect because the exchange of incoming and outgoing radiation that warms the planet works in a similar way to a greenhouse.

How to prevent greenhouse effects? ›

How You Can Help Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions at Home
  1. Get a home energy audit.
  2. Use Renewable energy.
  3. Purchase Solar Panels.
  4. Buy Green Tags.
  5. Purchase Carbon offsets.
  6. Adjust your thermostat.
  7. Install solar lights.
  8. Use energy-saving light bulbs.
May 3, 2024

Why is the greenhouse effect bad? ›

This change in concentrations causes warming and is affecting various aspects of climate, including surface air and ocean temperatures, precipitation, and sea levels. Human health, agriculture, water resources, forests, wildlife, and coastal areas are all vulnerable to climate change.

Who is to blame for the enhanced greenhouse effect? ›

Human Activity Is the Cause of Increased Greenhouse Gas Concentrations. Over the last century, burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).

Why are greenhouses important? ›

A greenhouse is a safe haven for plants. It reduces the accessibility of insects and animals that have the potential to damage or destroy your plants. This greenhouse environment reduces exposure to extreme weather conditions such as torrential rain and droughts.

What is the definition of global warming causes and effects? ›

Global warming is the phenomenon of gradual increase in the average temperature of earth . It is caused by the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs etc. into the atmosphere.

What is the major cause of the greenhouse effect Quizlet? ›

Green house gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and oxides of nitrogen tend to absorb some of the reflected infrared radiation and re-reflect it back towards the earth. This is what causes the greenhouse effect and it results in an increase in average mean temperature on earth.

What are the causes of greenhouse effect Wikipedia? ›

Water vapor causes about half of the greenhouse effect, but humans are not directly adding to its amount, so it is not a driver of climate change. Carbon dioxide is causing about three-quarters of global warming and can take thousands of years to be fully absorbed by the carbon cycle.

What is the cause and effects of greenhouse effect Quora? ›

The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a plane's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere. Radiatively, active gases(i.e., greenhouse gases) in a planet's atmosphere radiate energy in all directions.

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